IESR: Renewable Energy Portion in “Green” RUPTL Could Be Bigger

Jakarta, 14 October 2021– Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) The Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) appreciates the government’s commitment to making an energy transition towards decarbonization in 2060 or earlier by issuing the PLN 2021-2030 Electricity Supply Business Plan  (RUPTL), which has a larger portion of renewable energy generation. The government claims that this RUPTL is the greenest because it contains a portion of new and renewable energy generation capacity (EBT) of 51.6% or 20.923 MW in 2030. However, the 2021-2030 RUPTL still indicates the dependence of fossil energy on the energy system in Indonesia.

Pamela Simamora, IESR Research Coordinator who is also the main author of the Deep decarbonization of Indonesia’s energy system study, believes that the 2021-2030 RUPTL still shows a small renewable energy electricity mix, which is only 24.8% in 2030. This means that from 2025 to 2030, the increase in the renewable energy mix was only 1.8%. This number is much lower than the target mix increase from 2021 to 2025 which is 8% (from 15% today to 23% in 2025).

“The renewable energy mix should be higher in 2030 considering that the price of renewable energy in that year is predicted to be more competitive than fossil energy,” she says.

Indonesia itself has declared to achieve decarbonization by 2060 or earlier. IESR Executive Director, Fabby Tumiwa said that the target will be realized if, by 2030, around 70% of power generation capacity or around 80-85 GW comes from renewable energy so that energy sector emissions can reach their peak in 2030.

“To achieve this mix, it is necessary to reduce fossil energy generating capacity to open up more space for renewable energy plants to be included in the electricity system. The reduction in thermal generating capacity must be followed by the development of renewable energy. With this need, renewable energy in 2022-2025 should ideally reach 25-30 GW and accelerate to 45-50 GW from 2025 to 2030, in line with the plan for early retirement of PLTU, “he explains.

Responding to the government’s plan in the 2030 RUPTL to retire 1.1 GW of subcritical steam power plants in Muara Karang, Tanjung Priok, Tambak Lorok, and Gresik by 2030, the Transformation Energy Program Manager, Deon Arinaldo assessed that this step is still following the business as a usual plan because the PLTU is entering retirement age.

Moreover, the government’s intention to maintain fossil fuels by co-firing biomass at PLTU will set a greater risk of stranded assets and the environment when compared to focusing on developing renewable energy such as solar energy. PLN has even identified challenges such as the sustainability of the required biomass supply of 8-14 million tons per year, the impact on the efficiency of the power plant, and the increase in the basic cost of electricity supply.

On the other hand, RUPTL 2030 has also planned the development of electricity interconnection within islands and between islands to improve electricity reliability and distribute new renewable energy whose sources are far from load centers. The government targets that by 2024 the interconnection within the islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi has been accomplished in the super grid system to overcome the oversupply in a large system. The government is also reviewing the development of the interconnection network between Sumatra-Java and Bali-Lombok. Referring to the study of Deep decarbonization of Indonesia’s energy system, this within-island, and inter-island interconnection network plan is a good thing and should be monitored for its development.

Furthermore, the development of varied renewable energy (VRE), especially solar energy, is focused on three strategies: solar PV for rural electricity, de-dieselization, and network connection (both PLN and IPP). However, de-dieselization by converting diesel power plants to solar PV equipped with a battery with a total capacity of 1.2 GWp is only intended for isolated systems that are not possible to be connected to PLN transmission.

“If it is intended to encourage a more aggressive penetration of renewable energy, the use of local renewable energy, either solar or other renewable energy sources, should be the main strategy for providing energy access, not a substitute, and must concentrate on to aspects of sustainability and reliability,” said Marlistya Citraningrum, Manager Sustainable Energy Access Program, IESR

Besides, the target of 4.7 GW of PV mini-grid by 2030 listed in the latest RUPTL does not reflect the much larger potential and pipeline project of PV mini-grid. The Scaling Up Solar in Indonesia report even shows that it requires at least 18 GW until 2025 to realize the target of 23% of the renewable energy mix. Meanwhile, according to the IESR Deep decarbonization of Indonesia’s energy system study to pursue emission-free Indonesia in 2050, 107 GW of solar PV is needed in 2030 with a storage system.

Using Solar PV, Commercial and Industrial Sector Play a Strategic Role Reaching Target of 23% Renewable Energy

Semarang, 6 October 2021– With the technical potential of solar energy reaching 193–670 gigawatt peak (GWp), and the potential for generation from solar power plants of around 285–959 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year, the Central Java Provincial Government is earnestly encouraging the use of solar PV. Increasing consumer awareness of environmentally friendly products, the availability of regulations, and a supportive ecosystem, as well as the benefits of using PV mini-grid is gravity for the commercial and industrial sectors to install PV mini-grid. The more industrial sectors involved in the utilization of solar PV will be the catalyst for the fulfillment of Central Java Solar Province and the achievement of the national renewable energy mix target of 23% in 2025. 

 

Chrisnawan Anditya, Director of Various New Energy and Renewable Energy, Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources said that until August 2021, there were 4,133 rooftop solar PV users in various sectors in Indonesia with a total capacity of 36.74 MWp. Based on these data, the number of solar PV rooftop users in Central Java and DIY is the third-largest in Indonesia (5.88 MW). The Indonesian government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources itself has tried to accommodate the needs of the industrial and commercial sectors in installing rooftop solar panels with several strategies, including a clause on reducing parallel capacity costs for industrial customers from 40 hours to 5 hours per month which has been in effect since 2019.

 

Chrisnawan added that the role of various parties, including the commercial and industrial sectors, is crucial for the achievement of Indonesia’s climate targets, while encouraging the competitiveness of green operations and products.

 

“The commercial and industrial sectors will face global challenges in the future, especially if the European Union implements a carbon border tax in 2026. In the future, the economy will grow towards a green economy supported by a green industry. RUPTL currently contains 51% of the power plants to be built are new and renewable plants. In its transition period, the industry is encouraged to balance it with the use of rooftop solar power plants,” he explained in a webinar organized by IESR with the Central Java Government entitled “Roof Solar Energy for the Commercial and Industrial Sector in Central Java” (6/10/2021).

 

Fabby Tumiwa, Executive Director of the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) revealed that the potential for rooftop solar PV in the industrial sector in Central Java and Yogyakarta reaches 3.5 GWp or 10 percent of the PV mini-grid market potential from industrial sector customers throughout Indonesia.

 

“The IESR market survey shows that there is a potential of 9.8% or 16 thousand businesses in Central Java to utilize rooftop solar power. To succeed the decarbonization efforts and climate control efforts, the industrial and commercial sectors can identify the needs and strategies for implementing the energy transition by having an energy transition roadmap, including the use of rooftop solar power plants and encouraging collaboration and synergy of various parties to create a supply chain to produce competitive green products,” explained Fabby.

 

Central Java itself, since declaring Central Java Solar Province in 2019, until mid-September 2021 recorded 48% (4.3 MWp of 8.8 MWp) of the total installed solar PV capacity coming from the commercial and industrial sectors. Supporting policy and regulatory packages have also been prepared, including the Regional Energy General Plan, the Central Java Provincial Energy, and Mineral Resources Strategic Plan, and the Governor’s Circular Letter for the use of rooftop solar power plants in government, public, commercial, and industrial buildings. However, in his opinion, the most important thing besides policies and regulations is market demand.

 

“Market demand (market-driven) due to global demands to reduce house gas emissions is effective in encouraging the industrial sector towards a green industry that uses renewable energy sources,” said Head of the Central Java Province Energy and Mineral Resources and Minerals Agency (ESDM), Sujarwanto Dwiatmoko.

 

“Several industries in Central Java have independently implemented green and sustainable industrial practices, including the use of renewable energy in the form of solar energy. The Central Java Provincial Government will continue to provide training support, certification facilitation, and green industry awards,” continued M. Arif Sambodo, Head of the Industry and Trade Office of Central Java Province.

 

At the same event, M. Irwansyah Putra, General Manager of PLN Central Java and DIY Distribution Main Unit, revealed that there are 20 businesses and industries that have installed rooftop solar power plants. The five highest rankings in terms of capacity, respectively, are PT Tirta Investama (2.3 MWp), CV Jaya Setia Plastik (0.48 MWp), PT Djarum (0.26 MWp), PT. Busana Rejeki Agung (0.17 MWp) , PT Busana Remaja Agracipta (0.15 MWp), and PT Prambanan Dwipaka (0.04 MWp).

 

“PLN certainly supports solar PV optimization by providing various facilities, such as easy access to information, billing systems, providing sufficient reserve margin, running a fair business scheme for consumers as well as PLN, preparing solar PV rooftop Total Solution service products,” said Irwansyah.

 

Experienced the direct benefits of using rooftop PV in his industry, Syaiful, Manager at CV Jaya Setia Plastik targets to increase the PLTS capacity from 0.48 MWp to 1.3 MWp to reduce electricity costs, especially during the day.

 

“Moreover, with the on-grid system, excess electricity can be exported to PLN, the cost of maintaining solar PV is also low, and this is proof of the use of environmentally friendly energy,” he said.

 

With investment costs still considered expensive, several solar energy developers in Indonesia have offered to install rooftop solar power plants with financing schemes other than direct purchases. With a performance-based rental scheme, for instance, the company does not need to invest upfront but has a long-term contract (15-25 years) with the developer for the production of electricity generated from the installation of rooftop solar power plants. Some developers offer leasing or installments over 5 years.

Preventing Energy Crisis, Indonesia Needs to Accelerate Renewable Energy Development

Jakarta, 11 October 2021– The energy crisis in Europe is a lesson for many countries, especially Indonesia to maintain their energy security by reducing dependence on the fossil energy market, preparing prudently for the energy transition, and diversifying energy, especially for renewable energy. 

William Derbyshire, Director, Economic Consulting Associates (ECA) UK explained that the UK’s dependence on fossil energy is reflected in its power generation mix which places a share of gas as much as 42%, while for renewable energy it is only dominated by Wind Power Plants (PLTB) with a share of 16 %.

“If high fossil fuel prices are the problem, the answer is to reduce dependency on coal and gas, rather than to add more fossil fuel,” explained William in the online webinar “Energy Crisis in UK and Europe: Lesson learned for Indonesia Energy’s Transition” ( 11/10/2021) organized by Clean, Affordable and Secure Energy for Southeast Asia (CASE).

 

So far, wind power has become the UK’s backbone for generating electricity from renewable energy plants. However, this wind power has high variability even though it can be projected from historical records of wind patterns and speeds at a certain point. But according to Gareth Davies, Managing Director, Aquatera, this variability can be overcome if we can identify new areas with high wind speeds and build new plants there.

“By spreading (wind power) production across the wide geographical area we can help to increase resilience and reduce the dependency and reliance on other sources. So this effectively becomes a balancing mechanism for our energy supply,” said Gareth.

The Executive Director of the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), Fabby Tumiwa, emphasized that the volatility in primary energy prices, such as fossil energy, is a common thread of the widespread fossil energy crisis.

“It should be remembered that the current energy crisis is a fossil energy crisis. The volatility of fossil energy prices is very high. The increase in the price of each fossil energy affects each other,” said Fabby.***

 

The event of  Energy Crisis in UK and Europe: Lesson learned for Indonesia Energy’s Transition could be accessed on YouTube IESR  https://youtu.be/YnRd_GIy0eE.

Emissions are rising across the G20, again – warns a report

Emissions are rising across the G20, again – warns a report

Despite net zero commitments and updated NDCs, the G20’s climate action is leaving the world far from meeting the 1.5°C global warming limit

Jakarta, 15 Oktober 2021-After a short period of decline, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are rebounding across the G20, with Argentina, China, India and Indonesia projected to exceed their 2019 emissions levels. This is one of the key findings of the Climate Transparency Report – the world’s most comprehensive annual stocktake and comparison of G20 climate action.

 

In 2020, energy-related CO2 emissions plunged by 6% across the G20. In 2021, however, they are projected to rebound by 4%. “Rebounding emissions across the G20, the group responsible for 75% of global GHG emissions, shows that deep and fast cuts in emissions are now urgently needed to achieve net zero announcements,” says Gahee Han from the South Korean organisation Solutions For Our Climate, one of the lead authors of the report.

 

The report also notes some positive developments, such as the growth of solar and wind power among G20 members, with new records of installed capacities in 2020. The share of renewables in energy supply is projected to grow from 10% in 2020 to 12% in 2021. And in the power sector (energy used to make electricity and heat), renewables increased by 20% between 2015 and 2020, and are projected to become nearly 30% of the G20’s power mix in 2021. At the same time, though, experts note that apart from the UK, G20 members have neither short- nor long-term strategies in place for achieving 100% renewables in the power sector by 2050.

 

In spite of these positive changes, dependence on fossil fuels is not going down. On the contrary, the consumption of coal is projected to rise by nearly 5% in 2021, while the consumption of gas has increased by 12% across the G20 from 2015-2020. The report finds that the growth in coal is mainly concentrated in China – the largest global producer and consumer of coal – followed by the US and India.

 

At the same time, recent announcements signal that most G20 governments are aware of the need for a transition to low-carbon economies. Net zero targets should be reached by latest 2050 to limit global warming to 1.5°C, something that according to the Climate Transparency Report, has been acknowledged by the majority of G20 governments. By August 2021, 14 G20 members had already committed to net zero targets covering almost 61% of global GHG emissions.

 

As stated in the Paris Agreement, each Party is expected to submit a Nationally Determined Contribution – a climate plan that lays out targets, policies and measures that each government aims to implement. By September 2021, 13 G20 members (including France, Germany and Italy under the EU’s NDC) had officially submitted NDC updates, with six setting more ambitious 2030 targets. Yet, even if fully implemented, current targets assessed by April 2021 would still lead to warming of 2.4°C by the end of the century, experts caution. “G20 governments need to come to the table with more ambitious national emission reductions targets. The numbers in this report confirm we can’t move the dial without them – they know it, we know it – the ball is firmly in their court ahead of COP26,” says Kim Coetzee from Climate Analytics, who coordinated the overall analysis.

 

Key selected figures from the report:

 

    • Due to governments’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, energy-related CO2 emissions declined by 6% in 2020. However, in 2021, CO2 emissions are projected to rebound by 4% across the G20, with Argentina, China, India and Indonesia projected to exceed their 2019 emissions levels.
    • The G20’s share of renewables increased from 9% in 2019 to 10% in 2020 in Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES), and this trend is projected to continue, rising to 12% in 2021.
    • Between 2015 and 2020, the share of renewables in the G20’s power mix increased by 20%, reaching 28.6% of the G20’s power generation in 2020 and is projected to reach 29.5% in 2021.
  • From 2015 to 2020, the carbon intensity of the energy sector has decreased by 4%

across the G20.

  • Coal consumption is projected to rise by almost 5% in 2021, with this growth driven by China (accounting for 61% of the growth), the USA (18%) and India (17%).
  • The USA (4.9 tCO2/capita) and Australia (4.1 tCO2/capita) have the highest building emissions per capita in the G20 (average is 1.4 tCO2/capita), reflecting the high share of fossil fuels, especially natural gas and oil, used for heat generation.
  • Between 1999 and 2018 there have been nearly 500,000 fatalities and close to USD 3.5 trillion of economic costs due to climate impacts worldwide, with China, India, Japan, Germany, and the USA being hit particularly hard in 2018.
  • Across the G20, the current average market share of electric vehicles (EVs) in new car sales remains low at 3.2% (excluding the EU), with Germany, France, and the UK having the highest shares of EVs.
  • Between 2018 and 2019, G20 members provided USD 50.7 billion/year of public finance for fossil fuels. The highest providers of public finance were Japan (USD 10.3 billion/year), China (just over USD 8 billion/year), and South Korea (just under USD 8 billion/year).

 

Most G20 members also missed opportunities related to leverage COVID-19 recovery packages to promote climate mitigation goals. Only USD 300 billion of the total USD 1.8 trillion in recovery spending went to the much-heralded “green” recovery whilst fossil fuels continue to be subsidised. “It is extremely disappointing that a decade has passed since the commitment to rationalise and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies was made, but G20 members are still pumping billions of US dollars into dirty fuels, which are causing climate change,” says Enrique Maurtua Konstantinidis from Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN) in Argentina. In 2019, G20 members, excluding Saudi Arabia, provided at least USD 152 billion in subsidies for the production and consumption of coal, oil, and gas.

 

Effective carbon pricing schemes could encourage the transition to a low-carbon economy, according to the authors of the report. However, only 13 G20 members have in place some form of explicit national carbon pricing scheme. Brazil, Indonesia, Russia and Turkey are currently considering introducing such a scheme.

 

The Climate Transparency Report was developed by 16 research organisations and NGOs from 14 G20 members and compares the adaptation, mitigation, and finance related efforts of the G20; analyses recent policy developments; and identifies climate opportunities that G20 governments can seize. This is the 7th edition of the annual review of G20 climate action.

 

About Climate Transparency:

Climate Transparency is a global partnership of 16 think tanks and NGOs that brings together experts from the majority of G20 countries. Our mission is to encourage ambitious climate action in the G20 countries: we inform policy makers and stimulate national debate.

Solar PV Answers Industrial and Commercial Needs to Provide Green Products

Semarang, October 06, 2021 – The Commercial and Industry sectors are potential partners to accelerate the penetration of renewable energy. The increasingly strong market demands for green products encourage the commercial and industrial sectors to switch to environmentally friendly technologies in order to maintain their existence in the global market. Solar PV is a strategic choice for the commercial and business sectors considering its relatively fast installation, as well as the availability of solar energy sources that are evenly distributed throughout Indonesia. In addition, investing in solar PV can reduce production costs.

Fabby Tumiwa, Executive Director of the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) explained that currently in line with efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the industrial sector is faced with the obligation of the economic value of carbon. Especially for goods that are exported such as to European countries, America and Japan. The carbon footprint of a product that exceeds the specified maximum will be taxed. In addition, public awareness about sustainability issues is increasing, as stated by a survey by WWF and The Economist which found that searches on search engines with the keyword ‘sustainability’ increased by more than 71% during 2016-2020.

“Shareholders of companies have asked that all these companies commit to use 100% renewable energy. So if we want Central Java to become an industrial center, access to renewable energy must be facilitated,” said Fabby at a webinar organized by IESR with the Central Java Government entitled “Rooftop Solar Energy for the Commercial and Industrial Sector in Central Java” (6/10/2021).

In general, in terms of adoption, the number of rooftop solar PV users in Indonesia is increasing. Based on data from the Directorate General of EBTKE, until last August 2021, there were 4,133 rooftop solar PV customers in Indonesia, with a total installed capacity of 36.74 MWp. Judging from the capacity of rooftop PV by region, Central Java and DIY were ranked third with a rooftop solarcapacity of 5.83 MWp.

Chrisnawan Anditya, Director of Aneka EBT at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, explained that the government has given priority to the development of rooftop solar power plants considering its huge potential, fast installation, and very competitive prices.

“The medium-term strategy that is being pushed for the development of PV is rooftop solar which is targeted at 3.6 GW by 2025. In addition, we also continue to encourage utility-scale PV,” explained Chrisnawan on the same occasion.

To support infrastructure and services towards the energy transition, PLN must also improve on preparing grid adaptations and adapting to a business model that accommodates large amounts of renewable energy.

“This rooftop PV has an impact on the current PLN grid due to its intermittent nature. So PLN must provide a standby unit to supply electricity when the power generated by the PV rooftop cannot meet the existing electricity needs,” explained M. Irwansyah Putra, General Manager PLN Central Java – DIY.

Irwan also explained that in supporting the carbon tax mechanism, PLN has issued an REC (Renewable Energy Certificate). By purchasing this certificate, PLN will distribute electricity obtained from clean energy to the industry.

Questioning policies to encourage renewable energy in Central Java Province, the Head of the Central Java Province ESDM Office said that his party had prepared various policies. However, according to him, to encourage certain changes, in this case the transition from fossil energy to renewable energy (Solar PV-ed), policy support alone is not enough.

“Change will happen more quickly if it is driven by a market driven mechanism, so it’s not just complying with certain rules. The Central Java ESDM Office has tried to make policy packages that cover this market aspect with input from various parties such as the government, universities, and NGOs,” explained Sujarwanto.

The Central Java Regional Government also provides assistance to the commercial and industrial sectors in Central Java which are transitioning to green industries. “There are several steps taken to implement the green industry, i.e. training, facilitating certification for the green industry as well as awarding the green industry. Several companies in Central Java received this award,” explained M. Arif Sambodo, Head of the Industry and Trade Office of Central Java Province.

Opportunities for the commercial and industrial sectors to adopt solar PV are getting wider with the availability of various Solar PV investment schemes such as installments and leases. Anggita Pradipta, Head of Marketing for SUN Energy, said that there are three schemes offered by SUN Energy for prospective rooftop solar PV customers, namely Solar purchase, Performance Based Rental, and Solar Leasing.

“For the commercial and industrial sectors who want to install solar panels but are constrained by the initial installation cost, we recommend taking a performance based rental scheme. With this scheme, the customer will be bound by a contract for 15-25 years, where all the costs of maintaining the solar PV unit will be borne by SUN Energy, after the contract ends, the assets will become the property of the customer,” explained Anggi.