This publication outlines a comprehensive plan to achieve 100% renewable electrification in Sumbawa and Timor Islands, and serves as an important case study for the energy transformation in Sumbawa and Timor Islands and across the Indonesian archipelago. With the climate crisis demanding urgent action, this publication highlights that renewable energy transformation is not only an environmental imperative, but also an economic and social imperative. Indonesia has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060 or sooner, positioning itself as a leader in the clean energy transition in Southeast Asia.

This research directly supports West Nusa Tenggara’s innovative commitment to achieve 100% renewable energy and net-zero emissions by 2050. The findings presented provide important technical and economic validation for the regional strategy, demonstrating how ambitious climate targets can be translated into actionable implementation plans at the local level.

This publication convincingly demonstrates that 100% renewable electrification in Sumbawa Island is not only technically feasible but also financially viable. It goes beyond theoretical possibilities to provide a practical roadmap for transformation, challenging conventional assumptions about grid stability and energy security. The findings demonstrate that renewable energy systems can provide reliable power while reducing costs and eliminating carbon emissions. While the primary focus is on Sumbawa, the principles and recommendations outlined are highly relevant and applicable to other island regions in Indonesia, including Sumbawa and Timor, which face similar challenges and opportunities in the clean energy transition. Success in Sumbawa will serve as evidence that island regions can achieve energy independence while contributing to global climate goals.