The energy transition partnership in Southeast Asia stands at a decisive crossroads. The outcomes of the 3rd AZEC Summit in 2025 reveal a contradictory reality: while regional cooperation is being strengthened, a significant portion of the commitments still prioritizes fossil-fuel-linked technologies over pure renewable energy.

This IESR assessment report provides a critical analysis of the 49 agreed MoUs, highlighting the risk of carbon lock-in that could hinder the achievement of regional climate targets. With only 22% of projects directly targeting renewable energy, Indonesia and its ASEAN partners face structural challenges in aligning foreign investment with net-zero ambitions. Through this review, IESR emphasizes the importance of reorienting the AZEC strategy to be more transparent, ambitious, and focused on total decarbonization of the power sector. This report serves as a crucial guide for policymakers to ensure that international cooperation truly accelerates, rather than stalls, a just clean energy transformation.

Editor : Arief Rosadi

Reviewer :
Alvin Putra Sisdwinugraha
Abraham Octama Halim

3rd AZEC Summit 2025, Southeast Asia Energy Transition, ASEAN-Japan Energy Cooperation, Carbon Lock-in Risks, Clean Energy Investment, ASEAN Decarbonization, AZEC MoUs, IESR Assessment, Indonesia’s Sustainable Future, Renewable Energy Acceleration, Fossil-Fuel-Based Technology, AZEC Framework.