According to the Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook (IETO) 2026 study published by IESR, increasing renewable energy consumption impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth. In the “No Further Effort” scenario, renewable energy accounts for only 41-43% of the primary energy mix by 2060, causing GHG emissions to continue to rise in line with gross domestic product (GDP) and reach 1,104 MtCO2e based on an assumed economic growth of 8%. Conversely, the “Extra Effort” scenario, with 77% renewable energy consumption, achieves comparable GDP growth while reducing GHG emissions to around 436 MtCO2e by 2060.

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