The power sectors of South Africa, Indonesia, and Vietnam are predominantly reliant on coal-fired power generation, with coal accounting for a significant share of their electricity production. Despite efforts to increase renewable energy generation, coal continues to dominate in these countries. Vietnam leads in renewable energy generation among them, comprising 48% of its electricity production in 2022. These nations, characterized by growing economies, face socio-economic challenges such as inequality, poverty, and high unemployment rates. Transitioning away from coal must be carefully planned to avoid exacerbating these issues, particularly as it will impact employment. Prior to the Joint Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), these countries had already taken climate actions and made commitments towards decarbonization, with the JETP now accelerating their journey towards achieving net-zero emissions. South Africa has established JETP governance and investment plans, Indonesia is in the process of developing comprehensive plans, and Vietnam is still working on establishing governance and resource mobilization plans for its Just Energy Transition.

Keywords: Coal Dependence, Renewable Energy, Energy Transition, JETP, South Africa, Indonesia, Vietnam