Road to Youth Climate Conference Webinar: Climate Change, Industry and Lifestyle

Tayangan Tunda

Background

The impacts of climate change have become a serious threat to the lives of children and youth. A study conducted by Save the Children in 2020 found that children born in 2020 experienced disasters 3.4 times more frequently than their grandparents born in 1960. The disasters involved climate change, such as heatwaves, droughts, forest fires, floods, and crop failures, putting additional pressure on the environment necessary for children’s growth and protection. Another study conducted by UNICEF highlighted that climate change is the biggest threat to children’s health, nutrition, education, and future.

On the other hand, the development of the industrial sector in recent decades has changed people’s lifestyles in many ways. From electronic goods to daily clothing. Unfortunately, environmentally unsound production and consumption activities often have adverse impacts on climate change. For example, the overuse of natural resources, deforestation due to industrial activities, and the development of fast fashion trends that encourage unsustainable consumption. In fact, the industrial sector alone accounts for 25% of global carbon emissions (UNEP, 2023). Therefore, it is necessary to make changes in mindset and daily behavior, especially for the younger generation, to reduce and mitigate the impact of climate change on the industrial sector and lifestyle.

This webinar aims to dig deeper into how climate change is caused by industry and the lifestyles of the general public, including those of young people. Through in-depth discussions, a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by young people in the context of climate change is expected. In addition, this webinar is also geared towards formulating solutions and concrete actions that can be taken by young people in building sustainable lifestyles and formulating innovations in industry to reduce negative impacts on the environment.

Objective

  • Discuss the impact of climate change on the industrial and lifestyle sectors.
  • Discuss the role of young people in mitigating the impacts of climate change on their lifestyle.

Presentasi

 

Peran Anak Muda dalam Mendorong Arah Perkembangan Industri Indonesia yang Berkelanjutan – Faricha Hidayati

Peran-Anak-Muda-dalam-Mendorong-Arah-Perkembangan-Industri-Indonesia-yang-Berkelanjutan-Faricha-Hidayati

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Scrutinizing Climate Commitments After COP 28

Jakarta, December 20, 2023 – The 28th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) concluded on Wednesday (13/12/2023) afternoon, with several agreements, including a call to move away from the use of fossil fuels and a commitment to triple global renewable energy capacity. The summit also raised USD 85 billion in funding and secured 11 pledges and declarations supporting climate action.

Sicha Alifa Makahekum, Green Economy Program Staff, Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), assessed that firm funding commitments should accompany the various agreements. She believes reaching these targets may only be possible with adequate financial support. The USD 85 billion funding from COP 28 can be a significant first step. However, there needs to be further commitment from the government and the private sector to ensure that this figure is not just a nominal figure but channeled to support climate action.

“Along with the agreement, Indonesia aims to achieve a 44% renewable energy mix by 2030 within the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). The Indonesian government needs to focus on pursuing the JETP target by conducting policy reforms and increasing the commitment of policymakers towards achieving the target,” said Sicha at IESR’s X Space with the topic “After COP28, What’s Next?” on Wednesday (20/12).

Arief Rosadi, Climate Diplomacy Project Coordinator at IESR, mentioned that for the first time, COP 28 discussed the results of the Global Stocktake. Based on the assessment, Indonesia could not achieve the targets in the 2015 Paris Agreement and needs to catch up. 

 

“Indonesia needs to strengthen its commitment through a second NDC that will be more ambitious and will be more aligned with efforts to keep the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface no more than 1.5°C. I hope that the latest NDC will reflect the pursuit of the global renewable energy capacity target by three times, increase energy efficiency, and be able to accommodate the concept of just transition clearly,” said Arief Rosadi.

 

Arief emphasized that the second NDC also needs to reflect other issues related to climate change at the local level. In terms of gender and social inclusion, detailed indicators should be measured, and a roadmap aligned with climate policies and strategies must be created. Additionally, concerning the energy sector, Arief emphasized the need for intense communication at the national government level and harmonization of existing policies with the latest climate policy documents.

“Over the past five years, Indonesia has made significant progress in updating its climate policies. However, the main challenge lies in the time-consuming harmonization process among government sectors. All sectors related to climate change are required to work towards achieving the NDC target,” Arief said. 

Ahead of the 2024 elections, Arief and Sicha hope that the elected presidential and legislative candidates can prioritize dealing with climate change by intensifying the issue of climate change and energy transition. 

“The issue of climate change is becoming more polarized due to the “echo chamber” effect on social media. This means that people are only exposed to one point of view, which often denies the existence of climate change, and they are immune to scientific explanations that prove otherwise. Climate change discussions are often limited to certain circles, which does not help create broader awareness. We must educate ordinary people on the urgent need for climate change action and energy transition. We should also focus on bilateral approaches to decarbonization rather than just being active in international forums,” they said.

Kompas | Not Just Talking About People in Jakarta

On 8-11 August 2023, Kompas Research and Development held an opinion poll regarding energy transition in Indonesia. When asked whether respondents were aware that the Indonesian Government was intensively carrying out energy transition activities from fossil to renewable energy, 65.7 percent answered that they did not know. However, when asked whether respondents knew about the issue of global warming which causes climate change, 52.8 percent answered that they knew and the rest did not know.

Read more on Kompas.

Indonesia Needs to Increase its Efforts to Transition Towards Green Economy to Achieve NZE

press release

Jakarta, 18 August 2023 – The President of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) Joko Widodo (Jokowi), in his state address for the 78th Indonesian Independence Day, which also served as an introduction to the 2024 state budget bill and 2024 financial note stated that the 2024 state budget is directed toward accelerating economic transformation that is inclusive and sustainable. In his speech, the president mentioned the potential crisis due to climate change. For this reason, the transformation of the economic sector that is sustainable and environmentally friendly is crucial. The president emphasized that the transition to the use of green energy needs to be carried out progressively but remains fair and affordable.

The Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) appreciates the direction of the 2024 state budget. It encourages the government to accelerate the development of a green economy and the utilization of renewable energy so that Indonesia can gradually reduce the portion of fossil energy while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are the cause of global boiling. boiling) and climate change.

Fabby Tumiwa, Executive Director of IESR, stated that to achieve the 23% renewable energy target in 2025, the president must direct his staff to increase the renewable energy mix by 2024. This would require the construction of 11 GW of renewable energy generators in the next 2.5 years. The progressive penetration of renewable energy would necessitate the cessation of coal-fired power plant operations, which are old and inefficient, even under conditions where the PLN electricity system is still overcapacity.

The 2024 state budget should support renewable energy use outside Java-Bali, reform policies hindering its acceleration, prepare for the coal-fired power plant’s early retirement, and offer large-scale renewable energy projects to investors.

Indonesia needs to take more aggressive steps to avoid the climate crisis by showing a more substantial political commitment to reducing the use of coal and confirming the termination of coal-fired power plant operations in 2050. According to Fabby, amid Indonesia’s independence celebrations, the National Capital, Jakarta, was covered in severe air pollution. IESR notes that one of the sources of pollution comes from burning coal in power plants and industries around Jabodetabek.

“Last year, the government and IPG agreed on the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). This agreement is Indonesia’s opportunity to accelerate the transition to increasing green energy before 2030, which is fair and affordable. For this reason, the 2024 State Budget must also be allocated to support the implementation of the Comprehensive Investment and Policy Plan (CIPP),” said Fabby.

During preparing the JETP Comprehensive Investment and Policy Plan (CIPP) until October, Deon Arinaldo, Manager of the Energy Transformation Program, IESR, emphasized the importance of identifying policy changes to accelerate the energy transition. He suggested that policy change should focus on integrating implementation between various ministries and agencies.

“There must be a priority in policy directions, for example ending fossil energy subsidies, especially the coal DMO price policy, building massive solar PV, and developing the solar manufacturing industry. Determining the main strategy is important so that execution can be carried out smoothly in the next 3-5 years or even faster with implementation support from various ministries and agencies. Implementation of this integrated strategy can support achieving the vision of Indonesia Gold 2045,” explained Deon.

IESR hopes that the preparation of state budget (APBN) spending will also include efforts to reduce fossil energy subsidies and anticipate the impact of the energy transition on society. The budget from reducing fossil energy can be used to develop renewable energy, early termination of coal-fired power plant operations, and structured programs to anticipate the impact of the energy transition on communities, workers, and coal-producing areas.

What is Solar Energy and How is it Developed in Indonesia?

PLTS Atap

Jakarta, December 19, 2022 – The role of energy is critical for increasing economic activity and national security. Thus, energy management, including supply, utilization, and exploitation, should be carried out fairly, sustainably, optimally, and in an integrated manner. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement and submitted its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with an unconditional target of 31.89% in 2030 with its capabilities and a conditional target (with international support) of 43.2%.

Based on the Deep Decarbonization of Indonesia’s Energy System study released by IESR, Indonesia can achieve the target of the Paris Agreement being carbon neutral by 2050. This decade is essential because Indonesia must reach peak emissions in the energy sector by 2030 and reinforce a mix of renewable energy in the electricity to 45%.

Developing the renewable energy sector is a mitigation action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and support sustainable energy. Hence, Indonesia continues to intensify the use of renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the renewable energy choices that continue to be encouraged for its use in Indonesia.

Quoted from the Sustainable Professional Development Module for Solar and Wind Energy Conversion, Ministry of Education and Culture, solar energy is obtained by converting solar energy through specific equipment into resources in other forms. Furthermore, French scientist Edmond Becquerel discovered that certain materials would give off electricity sparks when sunlight struck in 1839. Even though the sun is located about 149 million kilometresr from the earth, its rays can be used as a renewable energy source. In solar panels, the sunlight is converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic technology (photovoltaic/PV).

Based on the Indonesia Solar Energy Outlook 2023 report issued by IESR, solar power will play an essential role in deep decarbonization in Indonesia in 2060 or sooner in 2050; at least 88% of installed power capacity will come from solar power in 2050. Unfortunately, the use of solar energy in Indonesia has only reached 0.2 GWp of installed capacity and will generate less than 1% of total electricity generation by the end of 2021.

However, Indonesia’s solar energy progress can be seen from the lower price of solar PV electricity obtained through a power purchase agreement (PPA) entered into by PT PLN (Persero) with Independent Power Producers (IPP). The cost of PPA solar PV has fallen by around 78% from US$0.25/kWh to US$0.056/kWh between 2015 and 2022. For this reason, IESR predicts that at least with the addition of large-scale solar PV projects, decreasingsolar module prices, and improving the investment climate, solar PV investment per unit prices will continue to fall, approaching the world price trend. In addition, in terms of project pipeline development for large-scale solar PV, there are currently eight projects with a total capacity of 585 MWp (which have been tendered).

C20 Indonesia Urge for a Just Energy Transition

Jakarta, 30 June 2022 – Energy transition is one of the priority issues of Indonesia’s 2022 G20 presidency. This role as the leader of the G20 countries is certainly a strategic momentum for Indonesia to show its commitment to the energy transition. The Paris Agreement in 2015 agreed to limit the earth’s temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius, even trying to keep it at the level of 1.5 degrees. For this reason, all parties must reduce their emissions from high-emission sectors such as energy and achieve carbon neutral status by the middle of this century.

To explore various perspectives on energy transition, the Civil 20 engagement group held a workshop entitled “Making a Just Energy Transition for All” inviting other engagement groups i.e: Think 20 (T20), Science 20 (S20) and Business 20 (B20). Also present as a panelist, Widhyawan Prawiraatmadja, former governor of Indonesia for OPEC.

From the ongoing discussion, all the speakers agreed to put the human aspect as the axis of the energy transition. Vivian Sunwoo Lee, International Coordinator of C20, said that C20 continues to urge the importance of immediately shifting from fossil-based energy systems to renewable energy-based energy systems.

“There are a number of risks, especially from a financial and economic perspective, from fossil energy infrastructure that has the potential to become a stranded asset if we don’t hurry to make the energy transition,” he said. Vivian also highlighted the large fossil energy subsidies that are still being provided by the G20 countries.

Professor Yunita Winarto, co-chair of Task Force 5 S20 stated the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in planning and implementing energy transitions.

“The interdisciplinary approach will shift the paradigm from exploitative-extractive to environmentally friendly-resilient, from a linear economy to a circular economy, and from good governance to proper governance. That way, a balance will undoubtedly be created according to the principles of the planet, people, & prosperity for all,” Yunita explained.

Moekti H. Soejachmoen, Lead co-chair of Task Force 3 T20, explained the importance of the carbon economic value instrument in the context of energy transition.

“The growth in energy demand will definitely continue to grow. It is inevitable, so we have to look for various ways to fulfill this energy need, but on the other hand our need to reduce emissions is also achieved. So this carbon economic value instrument is important,” explained Moekti.

Moekti also added that it was important for Indonesia to ensure that the issues pushed in this year’s G20 presidency would still be discussed in the following years. Given the energy transition is a long process and takes years.

The energy transition will completely change the face of Indonesia’s energy sector. Oki Muraza, Policy Manager of the Task Force Energy Sustainability and Climate, B20, explained that the affordability factor should be one of the main considerations in making the energy transition.

“We have to ensure that the affordability factor of energy during this transition process can be maintained. In addition, we also need to pay attention to people who are currently working in the hydrocarbon sector, how they can be trained so they don’t lose their jobs in the energy transition,” explained Oki.

Widhyawan Prawiraatmadja reminded that it is necessary to harmonize perceptions, rules and policies at the ministry level related to energy transition and the achievement of Indonesia’s commitments in the international level such as NDC. This is in addition to accelerating the achievement of national and international targets, as well as to give the same signal to investors.

“If the signals sent to investors are mixed, the perception of investors is that the risk of investing in Indonesia is high, and it is not impossible to make them reconsider investing,” said Widhyawan.

South Korea Supports Indonesia to Reach Its Renewable Energy Target

Jakarta, 19 May 2022 Renewable energy is seen as a quick win to secure a global temperature rise of no more than 2 degrees Celsius, according to the Paris Agreement. Indonesia whose emission reduction targets 29% on self-effort and 41% by international assistance by 2030 is actively seeking a more effective way to secure its target. The remaining time to achieve the target is only around 8 years. Yayan Mulyana from the Foreign Policy Strategy Agency of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Indonesia admitted that it’s hard but Indonesia is optimistic to achieve it.

Gandi Sulistiyanto, Indonesian Ambassador for South Korea, during his keynote speech in the webinar “Enhancing Investments from South Korea for Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia” hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic Indonesia on Thursday, 19 May 2022, said that both countries develop momentum and mutual interest in renewable energy investment. 

“Indonesia embassy in Seoul ready to support the Government’s target to have 23% of renewables in 2025. Meanwhile, South Korea aims to have 35% renewable shares in 2040. Both countries are in intense communications to develop EV battery manufacturers to support EV ecosystems that start penetrating the Indonesia market,” Gandhi said.

He added that in accordance with sustainability and human development, his office focuses on four sectors i.e: human development, science and technology, sustainable finance development, and national energy security.

Fabby Tumiwa, the Executive Director of IESR said that energy transformation is the heart of climate change mitigation. 

“Energy consumption in Indonesia is projected to increase 7-8 times than the current rate as a consequence of massive electrification of transportation and other home appliances, we have a double consequence of the situation i.e to replace the current fossil energy with renewable and to fulfill the growing demand at the same time,” he said.

Indonesia’s LTS LCCR document projects that there will be rapid emission reduction after 2030 if power generation is supplied by renewable 43% by 2050. It tries to be translated into the current PLN’s RUPTL that shows the government’s eagerness to deploy more renewable energy in the power sector in Indonesia. A study has shown that Indonesia is technically feasible and economically viable to achieve zero emissions by 2050 using 100% renewable energy. 

“IESR Deep decarbonization of Indonesia’s energy system study presents a step by step roadmap to achieve net zero in 2050 covering transportation, power sector, and industry,” Fabby added. 

Solar, whose residential potential – reaches up to 655 GWp will be the backbone of the renewable-based energy system.

Minho Kim, Komipo Korea State-Owned Company said that as a businessman, his company sees Indonesia as a potential market as well as a partner for renewable energy considering the abundant resources available. 

“Komipo already has operations in Indonesia for geothermal and hydropower projects. Later on, we plan to develop green hydrogen/ammonia as well,” Minho said.

Minho added that the emergence of the carbon market makes renewables a new hot commodity because it is needed. “As more companies join the RE 100 initiatives, the demand for clean energy is higher, therefore providing clean energy is no longer an option but a must as it is what is needed by the industry and demanded by customers,” he concluded.

Indonesia’s Energy Transition Overshadowed by Government Uncertainty

Jakarta, December 21, 2021 – Closing 2021, the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) has launched its annual report entitled Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook (IETO) 2022. Since 2017, IETO – previously called Indonesia Clean Energy Outlook (ICEO), has consistently explained the development of the energy transition in Indonesia in various sectors as well as provided projections of Indonesia’s energy transition in 2022. For the second year in a row, IETO has specifically analyzed Indonesia’s energy transition readiness.

At a global level, 2021 was marked by some important events such as the Climate Summit hosted by the US president, Joe Biden, who called for the whole world to take more ambitious steps to tackle the climate crisis. The G20 Summit and COP 26 reiterated that the commitments and actions to mitigate the climate crisis of all countries are still not sufficient to suppress the increase in the global average temperature of 1.5 degrees Celsius. More ambitious and aggressive climate mitigation actions are needed.

Although not yet in line with the Paris Agreement, Indonesia has begun to show a quite progressive political commitment by setting a net-zero target by 2060 or earlier, plans to retire 9.2 GW  coal-fired power plants early, and the issuance of a new RUPTL which gives the share of renewable energy up to 51.6%. According to IESR, this commitment can be seen as a breath of fresh air for the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. However, this still has not been able to accelerate Indonesia’s energy transition, and achieve the Paris Agreement target of achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of this century.

Julius Cristian, the lead author of the IETO 2022 report, saw some uncertainty from the government.

“For example, although the latest RUPTL has accommodated about 50% of renewable energy or around 20 GW when compared to the need for decarbonization which reaches 130 GW, this plan is certainly far from what is needed. In addition, the government is still relying on strategies that we think are not feasible, such as the use of nuclear and CCS which are more expensive than renewable energy,” he explained.

The IETO 2022 assesses that Indonesia is capable of achieving net-zero by 2050. To achieve this, Indonesia must reach peak emissions before 2030, and after that start reducing them. One of the implications of this is that Indonesia is no longer allowed to build CFPPs and must immediately start retiring old CFPPs.

Considering the potential and availability of resources, solar PV will be the backbone of Indonesia’s decarbonization. However, its growth in 2021 was only around 18 MW, even though the demand will reach 108 GW in 2030, or an average increase of 10 GW per year.

Handriyanti Diah Puspitarini added that there has been a slight improvement in terms of policy quality and social (public acceptance) regarding the energy transition, but commitment from the government and the renewable energy investment climate still needs a lot of improvement.

“We need to see how the implementation of various regulations that will come and have been issued will be implemented. The government must also realize that the public has begun to be aware of this issue and support the energy transition, so the government should also support this already high public support,” explained Handriyanti.

Herman Darnel Ibrahim, a member of the National Energy Council (DEN), stressed the importance of renewable energy to grow exponentially to meet electricity demand and meet international agreement targets. Although throughout 2021 there is a momentum for growing awareness to transition Indonesia’s policy direction, it is still uncertain where it will go.

“For example, RUED, ​​although the regions already have RUED, ​​the authority to execute is centralized in PLN and Pertamina, so these regions have RUED but cannot affect the results,” said Herman.

Faela Sufa, Southeast Asia Director of ITDP, sees that the transportation sector can be one of the drivers of the renewable energy ecosystem in Indonesia.

“For example, for the electrification of public transportation, we need to synchronize together and identify what incentives need to be given so that it can be more tangible in energy use and coordination with various sectors related to renewable energy for electrification,” explained Faela.

Yusrizki, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce (KADIN) for New and Renewable Energy, said that KADIN has declared it will become a net-zero organization in 2060 and is actively encouraging its members to have a-net zero target.

“In the 2022 G20 summit, we are expected to have 100 Indonesian companies that have pledged a net-zero target and this is a very ambitious target. We start from education, assisting -helping them to make their agenda-, to pledge their commitment,” Yusrizki explained.

Meanwhile, Arief Sugiyanto, Vice President of PLN’s RUPTL Control, explained that his party is currently trying to meet the energy mix target of 23% by 2025.

“The target of 23% NRE in 2025 is indeed a formidable challenge. One of PLN’s strategies is to change diesel power generators in isolated areas gradually with NRE generators available in those locations,” said Arief.

Net-Zero Emission Agenda Private Sector Opportunity to Increase Competitiveness

Jakarta, 14 December 2021 – 2021 is considered as a progressive period marked by a number of important events and the birth of various commitments aimed to reduce the impact of climate change. A number of heads of state in the world are competing to show their leadership in dealing with climate change. This is not surprising because according to the report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR6, in August 2021, it was stated that the time for us to repress the increased global temperature below 1.5 degrees Celsius is less than a decade. Our climate action in a couple years to go will determine whether we will succeed in achieving the climate target under the Paris Agreement, which is to achieve net-zero emissions by the mid of this century.

To explore perspectives and encourage collaboration from various parties, the Indonesia Business Council for Sustainable Development (IBCSD) held a webinar titled “What Net Zero Emission Means for the Private Sector” on Tuesday, December 14, 2021.

Indonesia through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry has updated its NDC and equipped it with a strategic document, Long Term Strategy – Low Carbon Climate Resilience aligned with the Paris Agreement (LTS – LCCR). Indonesia also announced net-zero emissions by 2060 (or sooner). With climate change increasingly critical, the Government of Indonesia is urged to accelerate its net-zero emission target.

Laksmi Dewanthi, Director General of Climate Change Control at the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, said that the government is aware of the need to accelerate net-zero emissions.

“So, if we want to achieve net-zero faster, we ask all stakeholders to take more roles in Indonesia’s net-zero plan,” she said.

Medrilzam, Director of the Environment at National Development Agency (Bappenas) added, collaboration and concrete actions from all parties will be the key to achieve the net-zero emission target in Indonesia. “The government needs to prepare enabling conditions so that cooperation with the private sector and other parties can run well,” he said.

Medrilzam also emphasized that based on the Bappenas study, low carbon development results in higher economic benefits than business as usual.

Not only for the government, there are various benefits for corporations if they have a net-zero emission target.

“Aligning to climate science is good for business. Because apart from being in line with the government’s agenda, implementing climate commitments also increases the competitiveness of companies. Companies are expected to continue to seize such opportunities,” explained Amelie Tan, Regional Lead for the Carbon Disclosure Project.

On the same occasion, the Executive Director of IESR, Fabby Tumiwa, emphasized that the government needs to intervene in at least four areas to encourage private sectors to move towards low-carbon businesses. The four sectors include (1)policies and regulations, (2) low-carbon technology and infrastructure, (3) innovation, and (4) raising market and consumer awareness to choose low-carbon products.

“Our study shows that the energy system in Indonesia can technically and economically achieve zero emission by 2050 with 4 strategies, namely increasing renewable energy capacity, reducing fossil fuels, electrification, and using clean fuels,” he said.

Fabby also added the importance of carbon emission disclosure for corporations who are committed to reducing their emissions so that the wider community knows which companies have commitments to control climate change.