IESR: Posisi Dirut Definitif PLN Berikan Kepastian

Kamis, 31 Oktober 2019 01:32 WIB

REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, JAKARTA — Direktur Eksektutif Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) Fabby Tumiwa mengatakan direktur utama (dirut) dan direksi definitif akan memberikan kepastian bagi PLN dan juga mitra-mitra PLN. Fabby menyampaikan posisi Sripeni Inten Cahyani yang hingga kini masih menjabat sebagai pelaksana tugas (plt) dirut PLN dirasa belum cukup ideal dalam melakukan sejumlah program di PLN lantaran persoalan status.

Meskipun begitu, kata Fabby, penting bagi Menteri BUMN Erick Thohir mempunyai konsep untuk memperkuat tata kelola PLN dan struktur manajemen yang dapat membuat PLN efektif mengatasi tantangan ke depan. Ini termasuk mencari kriteria direksi yang dapat menghadapi tantangan tersebut.

“Jadi walaupun ada urgensi tapi sebaiknya tidak buru-buru atau grasa-grusu, tapi saya harapkan di awal 2020 sudah ada direksi (PLN) definitif,” lanjutnya.

Pantauan Republika.co.id, Plt Dirut PLN Sripeni Inten Cahyani terlihat mendatangi Kantor Kementerian BUMN pada Rabu (30/10) sekira pukul 13.00 WIB. Inten didampingi Direktur Pengadaan Strategis I PLN Djoko Rahardjo Abumanan. Inten enggan memberikan jawaban saat ditanya tentang wacana adanya dirut definitif PLN. Dia menilai kehadirannya ke Kantor Kementerian BUMN tidak ada kaitannya dengan posisi dirut PLN yang masih lowong.

“Menghadap Pak Deputi (Kementerian BUMN), mau konsolidasi, update saja,” kata Inten.

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Batubara Masuk Komponen Tarif Listrik

Rabu, 30 Oktober 2019/ 22:46 WIB

KONTAN.CO.ID – JAKARTA. Keputusan pemerintah memasukkan harga patokan batubara menjadi salah satu faktor dalam penentuan penyesuaian tarif listrik menuai tanggapan dari sejumlah pihak.

Ketentuan ini tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 tentang perubahan ketiga atas Permen ESDM Nomor 28 Tahun 2016 tentang tarif tenaga listrik yang disediakan oleh PT PLN (Persero).

Dengan beleid yang diteken oleh Menteri ESDM Ignatius Jonan pada 10 Oktober 2019 saat itu, PLN dapat melakukan penyesuaian tarif pada 13 golongan pelanggan.

Direktur Eksekutif Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) Fabby Tumiwa menuturkan, pemerintah perlu memperhatikan aspek transparansi.

“Perlu dijelaskan kepada publik berapa harga energi primernya, dan komponen lainnya berapa sehingga nanti bisa diawasi. Jika dalam keseluruhan biaya produksi turun ya tarif turun, dan sebaliknya,” sebut Fabby kepada Kontan.co.id, Rabu (30/10).

Lebih jauh Fabby menjelaskan, penetapan tarif biasanya didasari dengan asumsi atau acuan harga energi primer yang menyumbang terhadap produksi listrik PLN. Perubahan pada energi primer ini lah yang akan berdampak pada naik atau turunnya tarif selain komponen inflasi dan nilai tukar.

Poin tersebut yang dinilai Fabby penting untuk disampaikan kepada publik. Fabby menilai kehadiran komponen batubara akan berdampak positif bagi PLN.

Dalam catatan Kontan.co.id, PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) mengaku tak lagi bersikeras meminta perpanjangan harga patokan batubara untuk kelistrikan sebesar US$ 70 per ton yang akan berlaku hingga akhir tahun ini.

Pelaksana Tugas Direktur Utama PLN Sripeni Inten Cahyani mengungkapkan, pihaknya mengambil langkah tersebut lantaran pemerintah melalui Kementerian ESDM telah menetapkan 13 golongan tarif tenaga listrik yang akan terkena penyesuaian tarif alias tariff adjustment.

“Nggak (meminta diperpanjang harga patokan batubara US$ 70 per ton) kalau sudah ada tariff adjustment. Karena memperhitungkan bagaimana fluktuasi harga batubara acuan sebagai indikator kebijakan (penyesuain tarif),” ungkap Sripeni saat ditemui di peluncuran SPKLU di kawasan BSD, Serpong, Senin (28/10).

Tariff adjustment tersebut bisa dilaksanakan setiap tiga bulan apabila terjadi perubahan, baik peningkatan maupun penurunan salah satu dan/atau beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi Biaya Pokok Penyediaan (BPP) tenaga listrik.

Beleid tersebut menyebutkan empat faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penyesuaian BPP, yakni: nilai tukar dollar Amerika Serikat terhadap Rupiah (kurs), Indonesian Crude Price (ICP), inflasi, dan harga patokan batubara.

Artinya, turun atau naiknya tarif listrik untuk 13 golongan tersebut bergantung dari pergerakan harga keempat komponen tersebut.

“Jadi ini kan sebagai antisipasi karena harga patokan berakhir di tahun ini. Saat ini harga batubara sedang rendah, dan saat yang tepat untuk merumuskan kembali,” kata Sripeni.

Saat ini, harga batubara yang tercermin dari Harga Batubara Acuan (HBA) memang terus menurun di bawah harga patokan US$ 70 per ton. Bahkan, HBA Oktober 2019 telah menyentuh US$ 64,8 per ton, terendah dalam tiga tahun terakhir.

Sementara itu, Direktur Eksekutif Asosiasi Pertambangan Batubara Indonesia (APBI) Hendra Sinadia berharap kehadiran aturan ini dapat berdampak positif bagi industri batubara.

“Kami berharap PLN dapat membeli batubara dengan harga pasar, dengan demikian akan turut mendukung perbaikan kondisi batubara nasional,” jelas Hendra kepada Kontan.co.id, Rabu (30/10).

Lebih jauh Hendra menjelaskan, harga batubara berpeluang membaik pada November mendatang kendati tidak signifikan. Menurut Hendra, jelang akhir tahun di mana memasuki musim dingin, permintaan batubara akan cenderung meningkat.

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Clean Energy Poses Challenge to Coal-Reliant Indonesia

Stefanno Reinard Sulaiman
The Jakarta Post
Jakarta   /   Wed, April 17, 2019   /  08:01 am

The government, which is highly dependent on coal for power generation, will be facing challenges from consumers as more and more people are shifting to clean energy, an energy expert says.

Fabby Tumiwa, the executive director of local energy think tank the Institute for Essential Service Reform (IESR), made the statement after the institute published a report titled “Indonesia’s Coal Dynamics: Toward a Just Energy Transition” recently.

In its report, the IESR concludes that two types of renewable energy will be cheaper than coal-generated electricity by 2030 and wind power will be on par with coal by 2050.

“For example, the price of solar photovoltaic [PV] electricity in 2030 will stand at 4.69 US cents per kilowatt hours [kWh], while the price of coal will stand at 5.15 to 5.25 US cents per kWh,” he said.

“In other words, PLN [the state electricity firm] will lose customers soon even though the demand is growing.”

PLN’s latest 10-year electricity plan, which is called the electricity procurement plan (RUPTL), for the  2019 to 2028 period states that projected electricity consumption growth this year will stand at 6.4 percent, which is 0.46 percent lower than its previous plan.

Even though the procurement plan has been revised, it is still being seen as “too ambitious”, because a calculation from a global energy think tank, the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), recorded that the average demand growth in the last five years (2013 to 2018) stood at only 4.6 percent.

Aside from losing customers, Fabby said, PLN also faced another problem related to its coal-fired power plants (PLTU) — assets that could not be operated optimally due to an electricity oversupply.

“In Indonesia, we calculated that in 10 years from now there will be an overcapacity of 13.3 gigawatts (GW) on the Java-Bali power grid with the total investment standing at US$12.7 billion,” he said, referring to a recent study by the IESR, Monash University Malaysia Campus and German energy think tank Agora Energiewende.

In its latest plan, PLN is also still heavily reliant on coal as the projection share in its electricity energy mix in 2025 will stand at 54.6 percent or 0.2 percent higher than the previous plan, while renewable energy remains at 23 percent.

It is contrary to the global movement to phase out coal, especially in Europe and even some Asian giants like China and India, which have slashed their coal consumption, including in the electricity sector.

“This is a [downward] trend [of phasing out coal power plants] that should have been anticipated by our government, especially in line with the agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions to below 2 percent,” he said, adding that to reach that climate goal, Indonesia had to stop building new PLTUs starting next year.

A recent report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) stated that global coal demand will only increase slightly from this year until 2023, with China’s coal demand to decrease 2.8 percent from 2.7 billion tons to 2.6 billion tons in 2023 due to air pollution concerns.

China was Indonesia’s biggest coal export market with an annual output of around 110 to 120 million tons or around a 25 percent share of Indonesia’s export market, according to the Indonesian Coal Mining Association (APBI).

Meanwhile, India — Indonesia’s second biggest market — is predicted to cut coal imports from Indonesia due to higher domestic coal production because the IEA predicted that India’s coal import volume would be down 13.4 percent from total consumption in 2022 and 2023.

Therefore, the IEA predicted that coal exports from Indonesia would decrease 15.7 percent by 2023. It is well-known that 80 percent of Indonesia’s coal production is for the export market.

The APBI’s executive director, Hendra Sinadia, said the possibilities to expand coal exports, especially to Asian countries, were still wide open as some of the markets were only beginning to operate their PLTUs, which could last 25 to 30 years.

“Vietnam is currently developing massive PLTUs, of which 100 percent of the coal is from us. So, the government should have a perspective on the political side before taking any decision on cutting coal exports,” he said.

Hendra is criticizing one of the plans to cut coal exports gradually in the General Planning for National Energy (RUEN), which stipulates that Indonesia is committed to stopping coal exports no later than 2046.

The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry’s mineral business supervision director, Muhammad Wafid, confirmed the coal export-termination plan by 2046, saying the government had been pushing since 2009 for an increase in domestic coal consumption.

“We still absorb coal for the electricity sector, but we are also pushing for a diversification program for coal, such as transforming it into gas as a substitute for liquefied petroleum gas [LPG],” he said, referring to a type of fuel called dimethyl ether.

The program was started last year by state coal miner PT Bukit Asam and state energy holding company Pertamina, which inked a partnership deal with United States-based chemical firm Air Products and Chemicals Inc. for coal gasification.

This Article originally Published at The Jakarta Post